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Riporto alcune considerazioni fatte da Carlo Rubbia (premio Nobel per la Fisica) durante un’intervista (30 marzo 2008) in merito alla questione energetica.
“Il petrolio e gli altri combustibili fossili sono in via di esaurimento, ma anche l’uranio è destinato a scarseggiare entro 35-40 anni. Non possiamo continuare perciò a elaborare piani energetici sulla base di previsioni sbagliate che rischiano di portarci fuori strada. Dobbiamo sviluppare la più importante fonte energetica che la natura mette da sempre a nostra disposizione, senza limiti, a costo zero: e cioè il sole che ogni giorno illumina e riscalda la terra”.
" Quando è stato costruito l’ultimo reattore in America? Nel 1979, trent’anni fa! Quanto conta il nucleare nella produzione energetica francese? Circa il 20 per cento. Ma i costi altissimi dei loro 59 reattori sono stati sostenuti di fatto dallo Stato per mantenere l’arsenale atomico. Ricordiamoci che per costruire una centrale nucleare occorrono 8-10 anni di lavoro che la tecnologia proposta si basa su un combustibile, l’uranio appunto, di durata limitata. Poi resta, in tutto il mondo, il problema delle scorie”.
“C'è un impianto per la produzione di energia solare, costruito nel deserto del Nevada su progetto spagnolo. Costa 200 milioni di dollari, produce 64 megawatt e per realizzarlo occorrono solo 18 mesi. Con 20 impianti di questo genere, si produce un terzo dell’elettricità di una centrale nucleare da un gigawatt. E i costi, oggi ancora elevati, si potranno ridurre considerevolmente quando verranno costruiti in gran quantità. Basti pensare che un ipotetico quadrato di specchi, lungo 200 chilometri per ogni lato, potrebbe produrre tutta l’energia necessaria all’intero pianeta. E un’area di queste dimensioni equivale appena allo 0,1 per cento delle zone desertiche del cosiddetto sun-belt. Per rifornire di elettricità un terzo dell’Italia, un’area equivalente a 15 centrali nucleari da un gigawatt, basterebbe un anello solare grande come il raccordo di Roma”.
"I nuovi impianti solari termodinamici a concentrazione catturano l’energia e la trattengono in speciali contenitori fino a quando serve. Poi, attraverso uno scambiatore di calore, si produce il vapore che muove le turbine. Né più né meno come una diga che, negli impianti idroelettrici, ferma l’acqua e al momento opportuno la rilascia per alimentare la corrente”.
“Perché non si fa visto che è cosi semplice? Il sole non è soggetto ai monopoli. E non paga la bolletta. Mi creda questa è una grande opportunità per il nostro Paese: se non lo faremo noi, molto presto lo faranno gli americani, com’è accaduto del resto per il computer vent’anni fa”.
Rubbia non è il solo a pensarla cosi (vedi http://www.energiaperilfuturo.it), però di fronte ad una scelta di questo genere è ovvio che il parere di un FISICO non conti nulla (in Italia) mentre quella di un CARDINALE o di un ONCOLOGO valgano molto di più (sempre in Italia).
Inoltre, è notizia di questi giorni, che nel 2007 le nuove installazioni di impianti eolici hanno superato, in termini di potenza, le nuove centrali nucleari. Il mondo sta andando in un'altra direzione!
Concludo con un titolo di Repubblica del 19/05/08
Terremoto in Cina, rischio radiazioni. Danneggiate le centrali nucleari.
e le relative reazioni del mondo politico alla notizia
E' una cosa gravissima, d'ora in poi costruiamo le centrali nucleari solo in posti dove non ci sono terremoti. Ad esempio …qua in Italia.
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